100 Innovations that Have Changed Librarianship

1. Personal computer (Mac, PC) that are affordable to the average person
2. Internet access
3. Electronic journals
4. Google
5. Information professionals entering the IT field
6. Ability to meet multiple learning styles through multimedia - images, podcasts, videos
7. Multiple channels for sharing/communicati ng
8. Social networking tools - For example: Wikis such as MediaWiki and Confluence; blogs like WordPress, Typepad, Blogger, and Blogspot; Facebook; Professional networks like LinkedIn and Plaxo; Multimedia sites like YouTube and Flickr.
9. Ease of multiple communication channels - phone, email, online
10. High-speed and remote computing - broadband, WiFi
11. Web conferencing
12. Virtual worlds such as Second Life
13. Inexpensive digital storage
14. digitization
15. OCR
16. OPACs
17. printers
18. abstracts databases
19. fulltext databases
20. self checkout machines
21. book vending machines
22. print on demand
23. wikipedia
24. CD-roms
25. modems
26. Dialog and other dial up services
27. hypertext linking
28. gopher and veronica
29. DRM
30. institutional repositories
31. electronic classroom management systems (ie. Blackboard)
32. synchronous electronic classroom software (ie. Elluminate)
33. electric date and time stampers
34. barcodes
35. RFID
36. integrated library systems
37. OCLC
38. copy cataloging
39. no limit memo field
40. scanners
41. typewriters
42. Security systems
43. Slender security strips
44. Climate control equipment, to prevent deterioration of materials
45. Copier
46. Book trucks
47. Magazine slanted shelves
48. The MARC record
49. Interlibrary Loan (ILL)
50. streaming media
51. metadata
52. classification systems (LC and Dewey)
53. word processing
54. Twitter
55. mobile libraries
56. Knowledge management
57. document management
58. barcoding
59. Dublin Core
60. Mosaic web browser
61. Tags
62. Federated searches
63. Microfilm/microfich e
64. Texas Instruments (TI) Silent 700
65. S. R. Ranganathan' s 5 laws of library science (1931)
66. Michael Gorman's (1998) 5 additional suggested laws:
    
     Libraries serve humanity.
     Respect all forms by which knowledge is communicated.
    Use technology intelligently to enhance service.
    Protect free access to knowledge.
    Honor the past and create the future.
67. Open stacks
68. In-depth subject specialists as the core of special librarianship
69. Competitive intelligence gathering
70. Working the "white space"
71. Gutenberg's printing press
72. Compact shelving
73. Copyright laws
74. Document delivery services
75. Information brokers
76. KWIC - Key Word In Context
77. Computerization of cataloging.. OCLC and OPACs do not begin to present the importance of not having to type duplicate copies of cards and file catalog cards. Also, the customer can do a keyword search without knowing how a subject heading or main entry (which is now a passe concept) was done. Keyword searching also means that there is less need to customize headings to local usage.
78. Digitized indexes and abstracts - instead of manually doing repeated searching through individual months or years of print volumes spans of years can be quickly searched. Also, the digitization/ computerization of these indexes allows keyword searching which can retrieve pertinent items that assigned desciptors do not cover.
79. Digitization of full text of articles and now books. This allows desktop access to quality information. Also, it allows the compilation of bibliographies where reviewing the actual text of the document is necessary for determination for including a document. This is not something that could be done so easily even ten years ago.
80. Chemical information services (CAS, Beilstein, Gmelin)
81. Internet and communications protocols (TCP/IP, telnet, FTP, etc.)
82. Mash-ups
83. Introduction of the term, "Information Science" to replace or supplement "Library Science"
84. The Commons and reinvention of libraries as "community centers" instead "storehouses of knowledge"
85. Centralized reference
86. AACR / AACR2R / RDA developments
87. LC card standardization
88. Poly-Vinyl Acetate for book repair
89. Copyright legislation
90. Chemical structure and substructure searching, using line notations and connection tables. This changed the face of chemical information retrieval.
91. Carnegie Libraries across the United States, built from the donations of steel magnet and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie.
92. PubMed open-access electronic version of Index Medicus
93. e-books
94. e-book readers like Amazon's Kindle
95. IP based access to provide the digitised information campus wide
96. Photocopier
97. Boolean search capability
98. Full-text searching
99. World Wide Web
100. Cell phones
101. automated serials tracking